[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2390},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002Ffixing-removedin20warning-deprecation-warnings\u002F":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2382,"extension":2383,"meta":2384,"navigation":154,"path":2386,"seo":2387,"stem":2388,"__hash__":2389},"content\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002Ffixing-removedin20warning-deprecation-warnings\u002Findex.md","Fixing RemovedIn20Warning Deprecation Warnings in SQLAlchemy",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2374},"minimark",[9,13,34,43,46,51,57,106,114,201,206,327,332,477,479,483,498,508,546,571,574,694,705,707,711,720,979,1011,1220,1242,1249,1791,1812,1814,1818,1827,1834,1837,2052,2063,2069,2071,2075,2106,2139,2166,2183,2298,2312,2314,2318,2370],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"fixing-removedin20warning-deprecation-warnings-in-sqlalchemy",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,29,30,33],"p",{},"Set ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20=1"," before running your application or test suite, then convert each ",[18,23,24],{},"RemovedIn20Warning"," into a hard error with ",[18,27,28],{},"filterwarnings(\"error\", category=RemovedIn20Warning)"," in your pytest ",[18,31,32],{},"conftest.py"," to surface every legacy call before upgrading to SQLAlchemy 2.0.",[14,35,36,37,42],{},"This page is part of the ",[38,39,41],"a",{"href":40},"\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002F","Migrating Legacy 1.4 Code to 2.0 Syntax"," guide.",[44,45],"hr",{},[47,48,50],"h2",{"id":49},"quick-answer","Quick Answer",[14,52,53],{},[54,55,56],"strong",{},"Enable all warnings with the environment variable:",[58,59,64],"pre",{"className":60,"code":61,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20=1 pytest\nSQLALCHEMY_WARN_20=1 python -m myapp.main\n","bash","",[18,65,66,87],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68,71,75,79,83],"span",{"class":69,"line":70},"line",1,[67,72,74],{"class":73},"sVt8B","SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20",[67,76,78],{"class":77},"szBVR","=",[67,80,82],{"class":81},"sZZnC","1",[67,84,86],{"class":85},"sScJk"," pytest\n",[67,88,90,92,94,96,99,103],{"class":69,"line":89},2,[67,91,74],{"class":73},[67,93,78],{"class":77},[67,95,82],{"class":81},[67,97,98],{"class":85}," python",[67,100,102],{"class":101},"sj4cs"," -m",[67,104,105],{"class":81}," myapp.main\n",[14,107,108],{},[54,109,110,111,113],{},"Convert warnings to hard errors in ",[18,112,32],{},":",[58,115,119],{"className":116,"code":117,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# tests\u002Fconftest.py\nimport warnings\nfrom sqlalchemy.exc import RemovedIn20Warning\n\ndef pytest_configure(config):\n    warnings.filterwarnings(\n        \"error\",\n        category=RemovedIn20Warning,\n    )\n","python",[18,120,121,127,135,149,156,168,174,183,195],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122,123],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124,126],{"class":125},"sJ8bj","# tests\u002Fconftest.py\n",[67,128,129,132],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,130,131],{"class":77},"import",[67,133,134],{"class":73}," warnings\n",[67,136,138,141,144,146],{"class":69,"line":137},3,[67,139,140],{"class":77},"from",[67,142,143],{"class":73}," sqlalchemy.exc ",[67,145,131],{"class":77},[67,147,148],{"class":73}," RemovedIn20Warning\n",[67,150,152],{"class":69,"line":151},4,[67,153,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},true,"\n",[67,157,159,162,165],{"class":69,"line":158},5,[67,160,161],{"class":77},"def",[67,163,164],{"class":85}," pytest_configure",[67,166,167],{"class":73},"(config):\n",[67,169,171],{"class":69,"line":170},6,[67,172,173],{"class":73},"    warnings.filterwarnings(\n",[67,175,177,180],{"class":69,"line":176},7,[67,178,179],{"class":81},"        \"error\"",[67,181,182],{"class":73},",\n",[67,184,186,190,192],{"class":69,"line":185},8,[67,187,189],{"class":188},"s4XuR","        category",[67,191,78],{"class":77},[67,193,194],{"class":73},"RemovedIn20Warning,\n",[67,196,198],{"class":69,"line":197},9,[67,199,200],{"class":73},"    )\n",[14,202,203],{},[54,204,205],{},"Before (SQLAlchemy 1.4 legacy style):",[58,207,209],{"className":116,"code":208,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Legacy: triggers RemovedIn20Warning on every call\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import Session\n\ndef get_user(session: Session, user_id: int):\n    return session.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).one()\n\ndef get_order(session: Session, order_id: int):\n    return session.query(Order).get(order_id)\n\ndef run_raw(engine):\n    result = engine.execute(\"SELECT count(*) FROM invoices\")\n    return result.scalar()\n",[18,210,211,216,228,232,248,262,266,280,287,291,302,319],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,212,213],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,214,215],{"class":125},"# Legacy: triggers RemovedIn20Warning on every call\n",[67,217,218,220,223,225],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,219,140],{"class":77},[67,221,222],{"class":73}," sqlalchemy.orm ",[67,224,131],{"class":77},[67,226,227],{"class":73}," Session\n",[67,229,230],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,231,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,233,234,236,239,242,245],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,235,161],{"class":77},[67,237,238],{"class":85}," get_user",[67,240,241],{"class":73},"(session: Session, user_id: ",[67,243,244],{"class":101},"int",[67,246,247],{"class":73},"):\n",[67,249,250,253,256,259],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,251,252],{"class":77},"    return",[67,254,255],{"class":73}," session.query(User).filter(User.id ",[67,257,258],{"class":77},"==",[67,260,261],{"class":73}," user_id).one()\n",[67,263,264],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,265,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,267,268,270,273,276,278],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,269,161],{"class":77},[67,271,272],{"class":85}," get_order",[67,274,275],{"class":73},"(session: Session, order_id: ",[67,277,244],{"class":101},[67,279,247],{"class":73},[67,281,282,284],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,283,252],{"class":77},[67,285,286],{"class":73}," session.query(Order).get(order_id)\n",[67,288,289],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,290,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,292,294,296,299],{"class":69,"line":293},10,[67,295,161],{"class":77},[67,297,298],{"class":85}," run_raw",[67,300,301],{"class":73},"(engine):\n",[67,303,305,308,310,313,316],{"class":69,"line":304},11,[67,306,307],{"class":73},"    result ",[67,309,78],{"class":77},[67,311,312],{"class":73}," engine.execute(",[67,314,315],{"class":81},"\"SELECT count(*) FROM invoices\"",[67,317,318],{"class":73},")\n",[67,320,322,324],{"class":69,"line":321},12,[67,323,252],{"class":77},[67,325,326],{"class":73}," result.scalar()\n",[14,328,329],{},[54,330,331],{},"After (SQLAlchemy 2.0 style):",[58,333,335],{"className":116,"code":334,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Modern: no warnings, fully compatible with 2.0\nfrom sqlalchemy import select\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import Session\n\ndef get_user(session: Session, user_id: int):\n    return session.execute(\n        select(User).where(User.id == user_id)\n    ).scalars().one()\n\ndef get_order(session: Session, order_id: int):\n    return session.get(Order, order_id)\n\ndef run_raw(engine):\n    with engine.connect() as conn:\n        result = conn.execute(text(\"SELECT count(*) FROM invoices\"))\n        return result.scalar()\n",[18,336,337,342,354,364,368,380,387,397,402,406,418,425,429,438,453,469],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,338,339],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,340,341],{"class":125},"# Modern: no warnings, fully compatible with 2.0\n",[67,343,344,346,349,351],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,345,140],{"class":77},[67,347,348],{"class":73}," sqlalchemy ",[67,350,131],{"class":77},[67,352,353],{"class":73}," select\n",[67,355,356,358,360,362],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,357,140],{"class":77},[67,359,222],{"class":73},[67,361,131],{"class":77},[67,363,227],{"class":73},[67,365,366],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,367,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,369,370,372,374,376,378],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,371,161],{"class":77},[67,373,238],{"class":85},[67,375,241],{"class":73},[67,377,244],{"class":101},[67,379,247],{"class":73},[67,381,382,384],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,383,252],{"class":77},[67,385,386],{"class":73}," session.execute(\n",[67,388,389,392,394],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,390,391],{"class":73},"        select(User).where(User.id ",[67,393,258],{"class":77},[67,395,396],{"class":73}," user_id)\n",[67,398,399],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,400,401],{"class":73},"    ).scalars().one()\n",[67,403,404],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,405,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,407,408,410,412,414,416],{"class":69,"line":293},[67,409,161],{"class":77},[67,411,272],{"class":85},[67,413,275],{"class":73},[67,415,244],{"class":101},[67,417,247],{"class":73},[67,419,420,422],{"class":69,"line":304},[67,421,252],{"class":77},[67,423,424],{"class":73}," session.get(Order, order_id)\n",[67,426,427],{"class":69,"line":321},[67,428,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,430,432,434,436],{"class":69,"line":431},13,[67,433,161],{"class":77},[67,435,298],{"class":85},[67,437,301],{"class":73},[67,439,441,444,447,450],{"class":69,"line":440},14,[67,442,443],{"class":77},"    with",[67,445,446],{"class":73}," engine.connect() ",[67,448,449],{"class":77},"as",[67,451,452],{"class":73}," conn:\n",[67,454,456,459,461,464,466],{"class":69,"line":455},15,[67,457,458],{"class":73},"        result ",[67,460,78],{"class":77},[67,462,463],{"class":73}," conn.execute(text(",[67,465,315],{"class":81},[67,467,468],{"class":73},"))\n",[67,470,472,475],{"class":69,"line":471},16,[67,473,474],{"class":77},"        return",[67,476,326],{"class":73},[44,478],{},[47,480,482],{"id":481},"execution-context-async-workflow-integration","Execution Context & Async Workflow Integration",[14,484,485,487,488,491,492,494,495,497],{},[18,486,24],{}," is a special warning class introduced in SQLAlchemy 1.4 that marks every API surface slated for removal in 2.0. By default SQLAlchemy 1.4 suppresses most of these warnings to avoid flooding application logs — the standard Python ",[18,489,490],{},"DeprecationWarning"," filter silences them unless you opt in. The ",[18,493,20],{}," environment variable overrides that suppression and re-registers all ",[18,496,24],{}," instances as visible.",[14,499,500,501,503,504,507],{},"This two-stage design — opt-in visibility, then opt-in failure — was intentional. It gave teams a migration runway: run 1.4, see warnings in CI, fix them incrementally, then flip the switch to 2.0 with confidence. If you are on 2.0 already and still see ",[18,502,24],{}," in your logs, you have a dependency that has not updated its SQLAlchemy calls or you are importing from a ",[18,505,506],{},"sqlalchemy.orm.compat"," shim.",[14,509,510,513,514,517,518,522,523,526,527,530,531,534,535,538,539,541,542,545],{},[54,511,512],{},"Why async workflows surface warnings sooner."," When you move to async engines (",[18,515,516],{},"postgresql+asyncpg:\u002F\u002F",") the ",[38,519,521],{"href":520},"\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fsession-lifecycle-and-scope-management\u002F","session lifecycle rules"," change fundamentally. The old ",[18,524,525],{},"session.query()"," interface has no async equivalent — there is no ",[18,528,529],{},"await session.query(User).all()",". Any code path that reaches a legacy ",[18,532,533],{},"Query"," object in an async context will fail with an ",[18,536,537],{},"MissingGreenlet"," error rather than a gentle warning. This makes ",[18,540,24],{}," especially urgent for async migrations: the warnings you ignore in sync code become hard crashes the moment you add ",[18,543,544],{},"asyncpg",".",[14,547,548,551,552,555,556,559,560,563,564,566,567,570],{},[54,549,550],{},"Turning warnings into CI blockers."," The ",[18,553,554],{},"pytest_configure"," hook runs before test collection, which means the filter is in place before any SQLAlchemy model or engine is imported. That matters because some warnings fire at import time (for example, ",[18,557,558],{},"declarative_base()"," emits a warning when the class is constructed). Placing the ",[18,561,562],{},"filterwarnings"," call in ",[18,565,554],{}," rather than a ",[18,568,569],{},"pytest.fixture"," guarantees full coverage.",[14,572,573],{},"For non-pytest application startup, add the filter immediately after your imports and before your engine is created:",[58,575,577],{"className":116,"code":576,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"# app\u002Fdb.py\nimport warnings\nfrom sqlalchemy import create_engine, text\nfrom sqlalchemy.exc import RemovedIn20Warning\n\n# Surface legacy calls as errors during development\nif __debug__:  # disabled when Python runs with -O flag\n    warnings.filterwarnings(\"error\", category=RemovedIn20Warning)\n\nengine = create_engine(\n    \"postgresql+asyncpg:\u002F\u002Fuser:pass@localhost\u002Fmydb\",\n    future=True,  # required in 1.4 to enable 2.0 behaviour\n)\n",[18,578,579,584,590,601,611,615,620,634,653,657,667,674,690],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,580,581],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,582,583],{"class":125},"# app\u002Fdb.py\n",[67,585,586,588],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,587,131],{"class":77},[67,589,134],{"class":73},[67,591,592,594,596,598],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,593,140],{"class":77},[67,595,348],{"class":73},[67,597,131],{"class":77},[67,599,600],{"class":73}," create_engine, text\n",[67,602,603,605,607,609],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,604,140],{"class":77},[67,606,143],{"class":73},[67,608,131],{"class":77},[67,610,148],{"class":73},[67,612,613],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,614,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,616,617],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,618,619],{"class":125},"# Surface legacy calls as errors during development\n",[67,621,622,625,628,631],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,623,624],{"class":77},"if",[67,626,627],{"class":101}," __debug__",[67,629,630],{"class":73},":  ",[67,632,633],{"class":125},"# disabled when Python runs with -O flag\n",[67,635,636,639,642,645,648,650],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,637,638],{"class":73},"    warnings.filterwarnings(",[67,640,641],{"class":81},"\"error\"",[67,643,644],{"class":73},", ",[67,646,647],{"class":188},"category",[67,649,78],{"class":77},[67,651,652],{"class":73},"RemovedIn20Warning)\n",[67,654,655],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,656,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,658,659,662,664],{"class":69,"line":293},[67,660,661],{"class":73},"engine ",[67,663,78],{"class":77},[67,665,666],{"class":73}," create_engine(\n",[67,668,669,672],{"class":69,"line":304},[67,670,671],{"class":81},"    \"postgresql+asyncpg:\u002F\u002Fuser:pass@localhost\u002Fmydb\"",[67,673,182],{"class":73},[67,675,676,679,681,684,687],{"class":69,"line":321},[67,677,678],{"class":188},"    future",[67,680,78],{"class":77},[67,682,683],{"class":101},"True",[67,685,686],{"class":73},",  ",[67,688,689],{"class":125},"# required in 1.4 to enable 2.0 behaviour\n",[67,691,692],{"class":69,"line":431},[67,693,318],{"class":73},[14,695,696,697,700,701,704],{},"The ",[18,698,699],{},"future=True"," flag on ",[18,702,703],{},"create_engine"," (1.4 only) opts the engine into 2.0 connection semantics. It does not silence warnings — it changes runtime behaviour so that connection-level warnings fire immediately rather than being deferred.",[44,706],{},[47,708,710],{"id":709},"resolving-warnings-errors-common-mistakes","Resolving Warnings, Errors & Common Mistakes",[14,712,713,714,716,717,719],{},"The table below lists the exact warning strings emitted by SQLAlchemy 1.4 (",[18,715,20],{}," active), the root cause, and the minimal production-safe fix. All fixes are drop-in replacements that work on both 1.4 (",[18,718,699],{},") and 2.0.",[721,722,723,739],"table",{},[724,725,726],"thead",{},[727,728,729,733,736],"tr",{},[730,731,732],"th",{},"Exact Warning \u002F Error String",[730,734,735],{},"Root Cause",[730,737,738],{},"Production Fix",[740,741,742,766,796,824,857,876,907,930,953],"tbody",{},[727,743,744,750,759],{},[745,746,747],"td",{},[18,748,749],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: The Query.get() method is considered legacy as of version 1.4",[745,751,752,755,756,758],{},[18,753,754],{},"session.query(User).get(pk)"," uses the legacy ",[18,757,533],{}," interface to load by primary key",[745,760,761,762,765],{},"Replace with ",[18,763,764],{},"session.get(User, pk)"," — identical semantics, zero overhead",[727,767,768,773,783],{},[745,769,770],{},[18,771,772],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: The Session.execute() method now accepts 2.0-style arguments; use text() for string SQL",[745,774,775,778,779,782],{},[18,776,777],{},"session.execute(\"SELECT …\")"," passes a bare string; 2.0 requires an explicit ",[18,780,781],{},"text()"," construct",[745,784,785,788,789,792,793],{},[18,786,787],{},"session.execute(text(\"SELECT …\"))"," — also import ",[18,790,791],{},"text"," from ",[18,794,795],{},"sqlalchemy",[727,797,798,803,813],{},[745,799,800],{},[18,801,802],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: The legacy calling style of select() is deprecated and will be removed in SQLAlchemy 2.0",[745,804,805,808,809,812],{},[18,806,807],{},"select([User])"," (list argument) instead of ",[18,810,811],{},"select(User)"," (positional, no brackets)",[745,814,815,816,819,820,823],{},"Replace ",[18,817,818],{},"select([Model])"," with ",[18,821,822],{},"select(Model)"," throughout",[727,825,826,831,847],{},[745,827,828],{},[18,829,830],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: The Query object is considered legacy as of version 1.4",[745,832,833,834,837,838,644,841,644,844],{},"Any ",[18,835,836],{},"session.query(…)"," call, including chained ",[18,839,840],{},".filter()",[18,842,843],{},".join()",[18,845,846],{},".order_by()",[745,848,849,850,853,854],{},"Rewrite as ",[18,851,852],{},"select(Model).where(…)"," executed via ",[18,855,856],{},"session.execute().scalars()",[727,858,859,864,870],{},[745,860,861],{},[18,862,863],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: Engine.execute() is deprecated",[745,865,866,869],{},[18,867,868],{},"engine.execute(stmt)"," bypasses connection lifecycle management",[745,871,872,875],{},[18,873,874],{},"with engine.connect() as conn: conn.execute(stmt)"," — wraps in explicit connection",[727,877,878,883,892],{},[745,879,880],{},[18,881,882],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: The autocommit parameter is deprecated",[745,884,885,888,889],{},[18,886,887],{},"engine = create_engine(url, execution_options={\"autocommit\": True})"," or ",[18,890,891],{},"connection.execution_options(autocommit=True)",[745,893,894,895,898,899,902,903],{},"Use explicit ",[18,896,897],{},"with session.begin():"," blocks or ",[18,900,901],{},"conn.begin()"," — see ",[38,904,906],{"href":905},"\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Ftransaction-isolation-and-commit-strategies\u002F","transaction isolation strategies",[727,908,909,914,920],{},[745,910,911],{},[18,912,913],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: declarative_base() is moved to the DeclarativeBaseNoMeta or DeclarativeBase",[745,915,916,919],{},[18,917,918],{},"Base = declarative_base()"," at module level",[745,921,922,923,926,927],{},"Subclass ",[18,924,925],{},"DeclarativeBase",": ",[18,928,929],{},"class Base(DeclarativeBase): pass",[727,931,932,937,943],{},[745,933,934],{},[18,935,936],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: relationship() keyword 'backref' is deprecated",[745,938,939,942],{},[18,940,941],{},"relationship(\"Order\", backref=\"user\")"," auto-creates the reverse — implicit and fragile",[745,944,945,946,949,950],{},"Declare both sides explicitly: ",[18,947,948],{},"relationship(\"Order\", back_populates=\"user\")"," and ",[18,951,952],{},"relationship(\"User\", back_populates=\"orders\")",[727,954,955,960,970],{},[745,956,957],{},[18,958,959],{},"RemovedIn20Warning: Column() is deprecated in favor of mapped_column()",[745,961,962,965,966,969],{},[18,963,964],{},"Column(Integer, primary_key=True)"," without ",[18,967,968],{},"Mapped"," type annotation",[745,971,972,902,975],{},[18,973,974],{},"id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)",[38,976,978],{"href":977},"\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002Fstep-by-step-guide-to-sqlalchemy-20-type-annotations\u002F","type annotations guide",[14,980,981,551,987,989,990,644,992,644,994,644,997,644,1000,644,1003,1006,1007,1010],{},[54,982,983,984,986],{},"Fixing ",[18,985,525],{}," comprehensively.",[18,988,533],{}," object supports a wide surface area — ",[18,991,840],{},[18,993,843],{},[18,995,996],{},".options()",[18,998,999],{},".with_for_update()",[18,1001,1002],{},".distinct()",[18,1004,1005],{},".group_by()",". Every one of these has a direct ",[18,1008,1009],{},"select()"," equivalent. The mechanical translation is:",[58,1012,1014],{"className":116,"code":1013,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Before\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import Session, joinedload\n\ndef get_tenant_orders(session: Session, tenant_id: int) -> list[Order]:\n    return (\n        session.query(Order)\n        .filter(Order.tenant_id == tenant_id, Order.status == \"pending\")\n        .options(joinedload(Order.products))\n        .order_by(Order.created_at.desc())\n        .limit(50)\n        .all()\n    )\n\n# After\nfrom sqlalchemy import select\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import Session, joinedload\n\ndef get_tenant_orders(session: Session, tenant_id: int) -> list[Order]:\n    stmt = (\n        select(Order)\n        .where(Order.tenant_id == tenant_id, Order.status == \"pending\")\n        .options(joinedload(Order.products))\n        .order_by(Order.created_at.desc())\n        .limit(50)\n    )\n    return session.execute(stmt).scalars().all()\n",[18,1015,1016,1021,1032,1036,1051,1058,1063,1080,1085,1090,1100,1105,1109,1113,1118,1128,1138,1143,1156,1166,1172,1188,1193,1198,1207,1212],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1017,1018],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1019,1020],{"class":125},"# Before\n",[67,1022,1023,1025,1027,1029],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,1024,140],{"class":77},[67,1026,222],{"class":73},[67,1028,131],{"class":77},[67,1030,1031],{"class":73}," Session, joinedload\n",[67,1033,1034],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,1035,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1037,1038,1040,1043,1046,1048],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,1039,161],{"class":77},[67,1041,1042],{"class":85}," get_tenant_orders",[67,1044,1045],{"class":73},"(session: Session, tenant_id: ",[67,1047,244],{"class":101},[67,1049,1050],{"class":73},") -> list[Order]:\n",[67,1052,1053,1055],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,1054,252],{"class":77},[67,1056,1057],{"class":73}," (\n",[67,1059,1060],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,1061,1062],{"class":73},"        session.query(Order)\n",[67,1064,1065,1068,1070,1073,1075,1078],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,1066,1067],{"class":73},"        .filter(Order.tenant_id ",[67,1069,258],{"class":77},[67,1071,1072],{"class":73}," tenant_id, Order.status ",[67,1074,258],{"class":77},[67,1076,1077],{"class":81}," \"pending\"",[67,1079,318],{"class":73},[67,1081,1082],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,1083,1084],{"class":73},"        .options(joinedload(Order.products))\n",[67,1086,1087],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,1088,1089],{"class":73},"        .order_by(Order.created_at.desc())\n",[67,1091,1092,1095,1098],{"class":69,"line":293},[67,1093,1094],{"class":73},"        .limit(",[67,1096,1097],{"class":101},"50",[67,1099,318],{"class":73},[67,1101,1102],{"class":69,"line":304},[67,1103,1104],{"class":73},"        .all()\n",[67,1106,1107],{"class":69,"line":321},[67,1108,200],{"class":73},[67,1110,1111],{"class":69,"line":431},[67,1112,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1114,1115],{"class":69,"line":440},[67,1116,1117],{"class":125},"# After\n",[67,1119,1120,1122,1124,1126],{"class":69,"line":455},[67,1121,140],{"class":77},[67,1123,348],{"class":73},[67,1125,131],{"class":77},[67,1127,353],{"class":73},[67,1129,1130,1132,1134,1136],{"class":69,"line":471},[67,1131,140],{"class":77},[67,1133,222],{"class":73},[67,1135,131],{"class":77},[67,1137,1031],{"class":73},[67,1139,1141],{"class":69,"line":1140},17,[67,1142,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154],{"class":69,"line":1145},18,[67,1147,161],{"class":77},[67,1149,1042],{"class":85},[67,1151,1045],{"class":73},[67,1153,244],{"class":101},[67,1155,1050],{"class":73},[67,1157,1159,1162,1164],{"class":69,"line":1158},19,[67,1160,1161],{"class":73},"    stmt ",[67,1163,78],{"class":77},[67,1165,1057],{"class":73},[67,1167,1169],{"class":69,"line":1168},20,[67,1170,1171],{"class":73},"        select(Order)\n",[67,1173,1175,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186],{"class":69,"line":1174},21,[67,1176,1177],{"class":73},"        .where(Order.tenant_id ",[67,1179,258],{"class":77},[67,1181,1072],{"class":73},[67,1183,258],{"class":77},[67,1185,1077],{"class":81},[67,1187,318],{"class":73},[67,1189,1191],{"class":69,"line":1190},22,[67,1192,1084],{"class":73},[67,1194,1196],{"class":69,"line":1195},23,[67,1197,1089],{"class":73},[67,1199,1201,1203,1205],{"class":69,"line":1200},24,[67,1202,1094],{"class":73},[67,1204,1097],{"class":101},[67,1206,318],{"class":73},[67,1208,1210],{"class":69,"line":1209},25,[67,1211,200],{"class":73},[67,1213,1215,1217],{"class":69,"line":1214},26,[67,1216,252],{"class":77},[67,1218,1219],{"class":73}," session.execute(stmt).scalars().all()\n",[14,1221,1222,1223,1226,1227,1230,1231,1234,1235,1238,1239,1241],{},"Note ",[18,1224,1225],{},"scalars()"," before ",[18,1228,1229],{},".all()",". Without it ",[18,1232,1233],{},"session.execute()"," returns ",[18,1236,1237],{},"Row"," tuples, not ORM instances. This is the single most common mistake when rewriting ",[18,1240,525],{}," calls.",[14,1243,1244],{},[54,1245,983,1246,1248],{},[18,1247,558],{}," and column declarations together:",[58,1250,1252],{"className":116,"code":1251,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Before — triggers two distinct warnings\nfrom sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, relationship\n\nBase = declarative_base()\n\nclass User(Base):\n    __tablename__ = \"users\"\n    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)\n    email = Column(String(255), nullable=False, unique=True)\n    orders = relationship(\"Order\", backref=\"user\")\n\nclass Order(Base):\n    __tablename__ = \"orders\"\n    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)\n    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(\"users.id\"), nullable=False)\n    total = Column(Integer, nullable=False)\n\n# After — fully 2.0 native\nfrom __future__ import annotations\nfrom typing import Optional\nfrom sqlalchemy import String, ForeignKey\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column, relationship\n\nclass Base(DeclarativeBase):\n    pass\n\nclass User(Base):\n    __tablename__ = \"users\"\n    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)\n    email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, unique=True)\n    orders: Mapped[list[Order]] = relationship(back_populates=\"user\")\n\nclass Order(Base):\n    __tablename__ = \"orders\"\n    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)\n    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey(\"users.id\"), nullable=False)\n    total: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(nullable=False)\n    user: Mapped[User] = relationship(back_populates=\"orders\")\n",[18,1253,1254,1259,1270,1281,1285,1295,1299,1315,1325,1345,1380,1405,1409,1422,1431,1447,1470,1487,1491,1496,1509,1521,1532,1543,1547,1560,1565,1570,1583,1592,1618,1654,1673,1678,1691,1700,1723,1750,1772],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1255,1256],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1257,1258],{"class":125},"# Before — triggers two distinct warnings\n",[67,1260,1261,1263,1265,1267],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,1262,140],{"class":77},[67,1264,348],{"class":73},[67,1266,131],{"class":77},[67,1268,1269],{"class":73}," Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey\n",[67,1271,1272,1274,1276,1278],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,1273,140],{"class":77},[67,1275,222],{"class":73},[67,1277,131],{"class":77},[67,1279,1280],{"class":73}," declarative_base, relationship\n",[67,1282,1283],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,1284,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1286,1287,1290,1292],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,1288,1289],{"class":73},"Base ",[67,1291,78],{"class":77},[67,1293,1294],{"class":73}," declarative_base()\n",[67,1296,1297],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,1298,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1300,1301,1304,1307,1310,1313],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,1302,1303],{"class":77},"class",[67,1305,1306],{"class":85}," User",[67,1308,1309],{"class":73},"(",[67,1311,1312],{"class":85},"Base",[67,1314,247],{"class":73},[67,1316,1317,1320,1322],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,1318,1319],{"class":73},"    __tablename__ ",[67,1321,78],{"class":77},[67,1323,1324],{"class":81}," \"users\"\n",[67,1326,1327,1330,1333,1336,1339,1341,1343],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,1328,1329],{"class":101},"    id",[67,1331,1332],{"class":77}," =",[67,1334,1335],{"class":73}," Column(Integer, ",[67,1337,1338],{"class":188},"primary_key",[67,1340,78],{"class":77},[67,1342,683],{"class":101},[67,1344,318],{"class":73},[67,1346,1347,1350,1352,1355,1358,1361,1364,1366,1369,1371,1374,1376,1378],{"class":69,"line":293},[67,1348,1349],{"class":73},"    email ",[67,1351,78],{"class":77},[67,1353,1354],{"class":73}," Column(String(",[67,1356,1357],{"class":101},"255",[67,1359,1360],{"class":73},"), ",[67,1362,1363],{"class":188},"nullable",[67,1365,78],{"class":77},[67,1367,1368],{"class":101},"False",[67,1370,644],{"class":73},[67,1372,1373],{"class":188},"unique",[67,1375,78],{"class":77},[67,1377,683],{"class":101},[67,1379,318],{"class":73},[67,1381,1382,1385,1387,1390,1393,1395,1398,1400,1403],{"class":69,"line":304},[67,1383,1384],{"class":73},"    orders ",[67,1386,78],{"class":77},[67,1388,1389],{"class":73}," relationship(",[67,1391,1392],{"class":81},"\"Order\"",[67,1394,644],{"class":73},[67,1396,1397],{"class":188},"backref",[67,1399,78],{"class":77},[67,1401,1402],{"class":81},"\"user\"",[67,1404,318],{"class":73},[67,1406,1407],{"class":69,"line":321},[67,1408,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1410,1411,1413,1416,1418,1420],{"class":69,"line":431},[67,1412,1303],{"class":77},[67,1414,1415],{"class":85}," Order",[67,1417,1309],{"class":73},[67,1419,1312],{"class":85},[67,1421,247],{"class":73},[67,1423,1424,1426,1428],{"class":69,"line":440},[67,1425,1319],{"class":73},[67,1427,78],{"class":77},[67,1429,1430],{"class":81}," \"orders\"\n",[67,1432,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445],{"class":69,"line":455},[67,1434,1329],{"class":101},[67,1436,1332],{"class":77},[67,1438,1335],{"class":73},[67,1440,1338],{"class":188},[67,1442,78],{"class":77},[67,1444,683],{"class":101},[67,1446,318],{"class":73},[67,1448,1449,1452,1454,1457,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468],{"class":69,"line":471},[67,1450,1451],{"class":73},"    user_id ",[67,1453,78],{"class":77},[67,1455,1456],{"class":73}," Column(Integer, ForeignKey(",[67,1458,1459],{"class":81},"\"users.id\"",[67,1461,1360],{"class":73},[67,1463,1363],{"class":188},[67,1465,78],{"class":77},[67,1467,1368],{"class":101},[67,1469,318],{"class":73},[67,1471,1472,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485],{"class":69,"line":1140},[67,1473,1474],{"class":73},"    total ",[67,1476,78],{"class":77},[67,1478,1335],{"class":73},[67,1480,1363],{"class":188},[67,1482,78],{"class":77},[67,1484,1368],{"class":101},[67,1486,318],{"class":73},[67,1488,1489],{"class":69,"line":1145},[67,1490,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1492,1493],{"class":69,"line":1158},[67,1494,1495],{"class":125},"# After — fully 2.0 native\n",[67,1497,1498,1500,1503,1506],{"class":69,"line":1168},[67,1499,140],{"class":77},[67,1501,1502],{"class":101}," __future__",[67,1504,1505],{"class":77}," import",[67,1507,1508],{"class":73}," annotations\n",[67,1510,1511,1513,1516,1518],{"class":69,"line":1174},[67,1512,140],{"class":77},[67,1514,1515],{"class":73}," typing ",[67,1517,131],{"class":77},[67,1519,1520],{"class":73}," Optional\n",[67,1522,1523,1525,1527,1529],{"class":69,"line":1190},[67,1524,140],{"class":77},[67,1526,348],{"class":73},[67,1528,131],{"class":77},[67,1530,1531],{"class":73}," String, ForeignKey\n",[67,1533,1534,1536,1538,1540],{"class":69,"line":1195},[67,1535,140],{"class":77},[67,1537,222],{"class":73},[67,1539,131],{"class":77},[67,1541,1542],{"class":73}," DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column, relationship\n",[67,1544,1545],{"class":69,"line":1200},[67,1546,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1548,1549,1551,1554,1556,1558],{"class":69,"line":1209},[67,1550,1303],{"class":77},[67,1552,1553],{"class":85}," Base",[67,1555,1309],{"class":73},[67,1557,925],{"class":85},[67,1559,247],{"class":73},[67,1561,1562],{"class":69,"line":1214},[67,1563,1564],{"class":77},"    pass\n",[67,1566,1568],{"class":69,"line":1567},27,[67,1569,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581],{"class":69,"line":1572},28,[67,1574,1303],{"class":77},[67,1576,1306],{"class":85},[67,1578,1309],{"class":73},[67,1580,1312],{"class":85},[67,1582,247],{"class":73},[67,1584,1586,1588,1590],{"class":69,"line":1585},29,[67,1587,1319],{"class":73},[67,1589,78],{"class":77},[67,1591,1324],{"class":81},[67,1593,1595,1597,1600,1602,1605,1607,1610,1612,1614,1616],{"class":69,"line":1594},30,[67,1596,1329],{"class":101},[67,1598,1599],{"class":73},": Mapped[",[67,1601,244],{"class":101},[67,1603,1604],{"class":73},"] ",[67,1606,78],{"class":77},[67,1608,1609],{"class":73}," mapped_column(",[67,1611,1338],{"class":188},[67,1613,78],{"class":77},[67,1615,683],{"class":101},[67,1617,318],{"class":73},[67,1619,1621,1624,1627,1629,1631,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652],{"class":69,"line":1620},31,[67,1622,1623],{"class":73},"    email: Mapped[",[67,1625,1626],{"class":101},"str",[67,1628,1604],{"class":73},[67,1630,78],{"class":77},[67,1632,1633],{"class":73}," mapped_column(String(",[67,1635,1357],{"class":101},[67,1637,1360],{"class":73},[67,1639,1363],{"class":188},[67,1641,78],{"class":77},[67,1643,1368],{"class":101},[67,1645,644],{"class":73},[67,1647,1373],{"class":188},[67,1649,78],{"class":77},[67,1651,683],{"class":101},[67,1653,318],{"class":73},[67,1655,1657,1660,1662,1664,1667,1669,1671],{"class":69,"line":1656},32,[67,1658,1659],{"class":73},"    orders: Mapped[list[Order]] ",[67,1661,78],{"class":77},[67,1663,1389],{"class":73},[67,1665,1666],{"class":188},"back_populates",[67,1668,78],{"class":77},[67,1670,1402],{"class":81},[67,1672,318],{"class":73},[67,1674,1676],{"class":69,"line":1675},33,[67,1677,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687,1689],{"class":69,"line":1680},34,[67,1682,1303],{"class":77},[67,1684,1415],{"class":85},[67,1686,1309],{"class":73},[67,1688,1312],{"class":85},[67,1690,247],{"class":73},[67,1692,1694,1696,1698],{"class":69,"line":1693},35,[67,1695,1319],{"class":73},[67,1697,78],{"class":77},[67,1699,1430],{"class":81},[67,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721],{"class":69,"line":1702},36,[67,1704,1329],{"class":101},[67,1706,1599],{"class":73},[67,1708,244],{"class":101},[67,1710,1604],{"class":73},[67,1712,78],{"class":77},[67,1714,1609],{"class":73},[67,1716,1338],{"class":188},[67,1718,78],{"class":77},[67,1720,683],{"class":101},[67,1722,318],{"class":73},[67,1724,1726,1729,1731,1733,1735,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748],{"class":69,"line":1725},37,[67,1727,1728],{"class":73},"    user_id: Mapped[",[67,1730,244],{"class":101},[67,1732,1604],{"class":73},[67,1734,78],{"class":77},[67,1736,1737],{"class":73}," mapped_column(ForeignKey(",[67,1739,1459],{"class":81},[67,1741,1360],{"class":73},[67,1743,1363],{"class":188},[67,1745,78],{"class":77},[67,1747,1368],{"class":101},[67,1749,318],{"class":73},[67,1751,1753,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770],{"class":69,"line":1752},38,[67,1754,1755],{"class":73},"    total: Mapped[",[67,1757,244],{"class":101},[67,1759,1604],{"class":73},[67,1761,78],{"class":77},[67,1763,1609],{"class":73},[67,1765,1363],{"class":188},[67,1767,78],{"class":77},[67,1769,1368],{"class":101},[67,1771,318],{"class":73},[67,1773,1775,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1789],{"class":69,"line":1774},39,[67,1776,1777],{"class":73},"    user: Mapped[User] ",[67,1779,78],{"class":77},[67,1781,1389],{"class":73},[67,1783,1666],{"class":188},[67,1785,78],{"class":77},[67,1787,1788],{"class":81},"\"orders\"",[67,1790,318],{"class":73},[14,1792,696,1793,1796,1797,1800,1801,1226,1804,1807,1808,1811],{},[18,1794,1795],{},"from __future__ import annotations"," import is required at the top of model files that use forward references (",[18,1798,1799],{},"list[Order]"," inside ",[18,1802,1803],{},"User",[18,1805,1806],{},"Order"," is defined). Without it Python evaluates annotations eagerly and raises ",[18,1809,1810],{},"NameError"," on the undefined name.",[44,1813],{},[47,1815,1817],{"id":1816},"advanced-warning-audit-optimization","Advanced Warning Audit Optimization",[14,1819,1820],{},[54,1821,1822,1823,1826],{},"Use ",[18,1824,1825],{},"warnings.warn_explicit"," tracing to find the call site, not just the warning type.",[14,1828,1829,1830,1833],{},"When a warning fires from inside a shared utility or a third-party library, the standard traceback points to SQLAlchemy internals rather than your code. The ",[18,1831,1832],{},"stacklevel"," parameter on the warning is set by SQLAlchemy to walk up the call stack — but if the legacy call is buried three layers deep in your own helpers, the reported line number is still wrong.",[14,1835,1836],{},"Add a custom warning filter that logs the full stack at the point of emission:",[58,1838,1840],{"className":116,"code":1839,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"# tests\u002Fconftest.py\nimport warnings\nimport traceback\nimport logging\nfrom sqlalchemy.exc import RemovedIn20Warning\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(\"sqlalchemy.migration\")\n\n_original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning\n\ndef _trace_sqlalchemy_warnings(message, category, filename, lineno, file=None, line=None):\n    if issubclass(category, RemovedIn20Warning):\n        logger.warning(\n            \"RemovedIn20Warning at %s:%d — %s\\n%s\",\n            filename,\n            lineno,\n            message,\n            \"\".join(traceback.format_stack()),\n        )\n    _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)\n\ndef pytest_configure(config):\n    warnings.showwarning = _trace_sqlalchemy_warnings\n    warnings.filterwarnings(\"error\", category=RemovedIn20Warning)\n",[18,1841,1842,1846,1852,1859,1866,1876,1880,1895,1899,1909,1913,1937,1948,1953,1977,1982,1987,1992,2000,2005,2016,2020,2028,2038],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1843,1844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1845,126],{"class":125},[67,1847,1848,1850],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,1849,131],{"class":77},[67,1851,134],{"class":73},[67,1853,1854,1856],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,1855,131],{"class":77},[67,1857,1858],{"class":73}," traceback\n",[67,1860,1861,1863],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,1862,131],{"class":77},[67,1864,1865],{"class":73}," logging\n",[67,1867,1868,1870,1872,1874],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,1869,140],{"class":77},[67,1871,143],{"class":73},[67,1873,131],{"class":77},[67,1875,148],{"class":73},[67,1877,1878],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,1879,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1881,1882,1885,1887,1890,1893],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,1883,1884],{"class":73},"logger ",[67,1886,78],{"class":77},[67,1888,1889],{"class":73}," logging.getLogger(",[67,1891,1892],{"class":81},"\"sqlalchemy.migration\"",[67,1894,318],{"class":73},[67,1896,1897],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,1898,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1900,1901,1904,1906],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,1902,1903],{"class":73},"_original_showwarning ",[67,1905,78],{"class":77},[67,1907,1908],{"class":73}," warnings.showwarning\n",[67,1910,1911],{"class":69,"line":293},[67,1912,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,1914,1915,1917,1920,1923,1925,1928,1931,1933,1935],{"class":69,"line":304},[67,1916,161],{"class":77},[67,1918,1919],{"class":85}," _trace_sqlalchemy_warnings",[67,1921,1922],{"class":73},"(message, category, filename, lineno, file",[67,1924,78],{"class":77},[67,1926,1927],{"class":101},"None",[67,1929,1930],{"class":73},", line",[67,1932,78],{"class":77},[67,1934,1927],{"class":101},[67,1936,247],{"class":73},[67,1938,1939,1942,1945],{"class":69,"line":321},[67,1940,1941],{"class":77},"    if",[67,1943,1944],{"class":101}," issubclass",[67,1946,1947],{"class":73},"(category, RemovedIn20Warning):\n",[67,1949,1950],{"class":69,"line":431},[67,1951,1952],{"class":73},"        logger.warning(\n",[67,1954,1955,1958,1961,1963,1966,1969,1972,1975],{"class":69,"line":440},[67,1956,1957],{"class":81},"            \"RemovedIn20Warning at ",[67,1959,1960],{"class":101},"%s",[67,1962,113],{"class":81},[67,1964,1965],{"class":101},"%d",[67,1967,1968],{"class":81}," — ",[67,1970,1971],{"class":101},"%s\\n%s",[67,1973,1974],{"class":81},"\"",[67,1976,182],{"class":73},[67,1978,1979],{"class":69,"line":455},[67,1980,1981],{"class":73},"            filename,\n",[67,1983,1984],{"class":69,"line":471},[67,1985,1986],{"class":73},"            lineno,\n",[67,1988,1989],{"class":69,"line":1140},[67,1990,1991],{"class":73},"            message,\n",[67,1993,1994,1997],{"class":69,"line":1145},[67,1995,1996],{"class":81},"            \"\"",[67,1998,1999],{"class":73},".join(traceback.format_stack()),\n",[67,2001,2002],{"class":69,"line":1158},[67,2003,2004],{"class":73},"        )\n",[67,2006,2007,2010,2013],{"class":69,"line":1168},[67,2008,2009],{"class":73},"    _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, ",[67,2011,2012],{"class":188},"file",[67,2014,2015],{"class":73},", line)\n",[67,2017,2018],{"class":69,"line":1174},[67,2019,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,2021,2022,2024,2026],{"class":69,"line":1190},[67,2023,161],{"class":77},[67,2025,164],{"class":85},[67,2027,167],{"class":73},[67,2029,2030,2033,2035],{"class":69,"line":1195},[67,2031,2032],{"class":73},"    warnings.showwarning ",[67,2034,78],{"class":77},[67,2036,2037],{"class":73}," _trace_sqlalchemy_warnings\n",[67,2039,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050],{"class":69,"line":1200},[67,2041,638],{"class":73},[67,2043,641],{"class":81},[67,2045,644],{"class":73},[67,2047,647],{"class":188},[67,2049,78],{"class":77},[67,2051,652],{"class":73},[14,2053,2054,2055,2058,2059,2062],{},"This captures the full Python stack at the moment the warning fires, even when the emission point is inside a ",[18,2056,2057],{},"@contextmanager"," or a framework middleware layer. Run ",[18,2060,2061],{},"pytest -s"," to see the stacks in real time, or check your log output. The trace makes it unambiguous which line in your application code is responsible — not just which SQLAlchemy internal method detected the problem.",[14,2064,2065,2066,2068],{},"This approach is particularly effective in codebases that have abstracted database access behind repository classes or service layers, where the ",[18,2067,525],{}," call might live several frames away from the test that triggers it.",[44,2070],{},[47,2072,2074],{"id":2073},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently Asked Questions",[14,2076,2077,2083,2084,2086,2087,2090,2091,2094,2095,2098,2099,2102,2103,2105],{},[54,2078,2079,2080,2082],{},"I upgraded to SQLAlchemy 2.0 and I still see ",[18,2081,24],{}," — why?","\nOn SQLAlchemy 2.0 the ",[18,2085,24],{}," class still exists in ",[18,2088,2089],{},"sqlalchemy.exc"," for compatibility, but the warnings themselves are only emitted by 1.4 code paths. If you see them on 2.0 it is almost always a transitive dependency — a library that pinned to the 1.4 API. Run ",[18,2092,2093],{},"pip show sqlalchemy-utils alembic sqlmodel"," (and any other SQLAlchemy-adjacent packages in your ",[18,2096,2097],{},"requirements.txt",") and check their changelogs for 2.0 support. You can also set ",[18,2100,2101],{},"filterwarnings(\"error\")"," globally in ",[18,2104,32],{}," to find the exact import that introduces the legacy calls.",[14,2107,2108,2114,2115,2118,2119,2121,2122,2125,2126,2128,2129,2132,2133,2135,2136,2138],{},[54,2109,2110,2111,2113],{},"Does ",[18,2112,28],{}," break production?","\nIt should not run in production. Guard it with an environment variable or ",[18,2116,2117],{},"if __debug__:"," (which is ",[18,2120,1368],{}," when Python runs with the ",[18,2123,2124],{},"-O"," optimisation flag). The recommended pattern is to enable it only in test environments via ",[18,2127,32],{}," and in local development via a ",[18,2130,2131],{},".env"," file that sets ",[18,2134,20],{},". CI picks up ",[18,2137,32],{}," automatically, making it the right enforcement boundary.",[14,2140,2141,2149,2150,2152,2153,2155,2156,2159,2160,2162,2163,2165],{},[54,2142,2143,2144,949,2146,2148],{},"What is the difference between ",[18,2145,20],{},[18,2147,699],{}," on the engine?","\nThey control different things. ",[18,2151,20],{}," is an environment variable that tells SQLAlchemy to emit warnings for every legacy API call, regardless of whether the engine is in legacy or future mode. ",[18,2154,699],{}," on ",[18,2157,2158],{},"create_engine()"," opts the engine into 2.0 runtime semantics — it changes how connections and transactions behave, not which warnings are visible. You need both during a migration: ",[18,2161,699],{}," to test 2.0 connection behaviour, and ",[18,2164,20],{}," to see all the ORM-level calls that still need updating.",[14,2167,2168,2174,2175,2178,2179,2182],{},[54,2169,2170,2171,2173],{},"Can I suppress specific ",[18,2172,24],{}," instances temporarily while migrating a large codebase?","\nYes. Python's ",[18,2176,2177],{},"warnings.filterwarnings"," accepts a ",[18,2180,2181],{},"message"," regex parameter that matches against the warning string. You can silence one category of warning while keeping others as errors:",[58,2184,2186],{"className":116,"code":2185,"language":118,"meta":63,"style":63},"import warnings\nfrom sqlalchemy.exc import RemovedIn20Warning\n\n# Silence only the backref warning while we migrate relationships gradually\nwarnings.filterwarnings(\n    \"ignore\",\n    message=r\".*backref.*\",\n    category=RemovedIn20Warning,\n)\n\n# Everything else still raises\nwarnings.filterwarnings(\n    \"error\",\n    category=RemovedIn20Warning,\n)\n",[18,2187,2188,2194,2204,2208,2213,2218,2225,2253,2262,2266,2270,2275,2279,2286,2294],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2189,2190,2192],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2191,131],{"class":77},[67,2193,134],{"class":73},[67,2195,2196,2198,2200,2202],{"class":69,"line":89},[67,2197,140],{"class":77},[67,2199,143],{"class":73},[67,2201,131],{"class":77},[67,2203,148],{"class":73},[67,2205,2206],{"class":69,"line":137},[67,2207,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,2209,2210],{"class":69,"line":151},[67,2211,2212],{"class":125},"# Silence only the backref warning while we migrate relationships gradually\n",[67,2214,2215],{"class":69,"line":158},[67,2216,2217],{"class":73},"warnings.filterwarnings(\n",[67,2219,2220,2223],{"class":69,"line":170},[67,2221,2222],{"class":81},"    \"ignore\"",[67,2224,182],{"class":73},[67,2226,2227,2230,2232,2235,2237,2239,2242,2245,2247,2249,2251],{"class":69,"line":176},[67,2228,2229],{"class":188},"    message",[67,2231,78],{"class":77},[67,2233,2234],{"class":77},"r",[67,2236,1974],{"class":81},[67,2238,545],{"class":101},[67,2240,2241],{"class":77},"*",[67,2243,1397],{"class":2244},"sA_wV",[67,2246,545],{"class":101},[67,2248,2241],{"class":77},[67,2250,1974],{"class":81},[67,2252,182],{"class":73},[67,2254,2255,2258,2260],{"class":69,"line":185},[67,2256,2257],{"class":188},"    category",[67,2259,78],{"class":77},[67,2261,194],{"class":73},[67,2263,2264],{"class":69,"line":197},[67,2265,318],{"class":73},[67,2267,2268],{"class":69,"line":293},[67,2269,155],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":154},[67,2271,2272],{"class":69,"line":304},[67,2273,2274],{"class":125},"# Everything else still raises\n",[67,2276,2277],{"class":69,"line":321},[67,2278,2217],{"class":73},[67,2280,2281,2284],{"class":69,"line":431},[67,2282,2283],{"class":81},"    \"error\"",[67,2285,182],{"class":73},[67,2287,2288,2290,2292],{"class":69,"line":440},[67,2289,2257],{"class":188},[67,2291,78],{"class":77},[67,2293,194],{"class":73},[67,2295,2296],{"class":69,"line":455},[67,2297,318],{"class":73},[14,2299,2300,2301,2304,2305,2308,2309,2311],{},"Order matters: Python applies the first matching filter. Put the specific ",[18,2302,2303],{},"ignore"," rules before the broad ",[18,2306,2307],{},"error"," rule. Remove each ",[18,2310,2303],{}," entry as you complete that category of fixes so you do not accumulate permanent suppressions.",[44,2313],{},[47,2315,2317],{"id":2316},"related","Related",[2319,2320,2321,2339,2346,2360],"ul",{},[2322,2323,2324,2327,2328,2331,2332,2334,2335,2338],"li",{},[38,2325,2326],{"href":977},"Step-by-Step Guide to SQLAlchemy 2.0 Type Annotations"," — convert ",[18,2329,2330],{},"Column()"," declarations to ",[18,2333,968],{}," + ",[18,2336,2337],{},"mapped_column()"," with full type safety.",[2322,2340,2341,2345],{},[38,2342,2344],{"href":2343},"\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002Flegacy-1-4-to-2-0-codemod-checklist\u002F","Legacy 1.4 to 2.0 Codemod Checklist"," — a mechanical checklist for bulk-migrating an existing codebase, including sed\u002FAST patterns.",[2322,2347,2348,2351,2352,2355,2356,2359],{},[38,2349,2350],{"href":905},"Transaction Isolation and Commit Strategies"," — how to replace ",[18,2353,2354],{},"autocommit=True"," with explicit ",[18,2357,2358],{},"session.begin()"," without breaking existing transaction semantics.",[2322,2361,2362,2366,2367,2369],{},[38,2363,2365],{"href":2364},"\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fcore-vs-orm-architecture-decisions\u002F","Core vs ORM Architecture Decisions"," — when to prefer ",[18,2368,1009],{}," + Core execution over the ORM session for performance-critical paths.",[2371,2372,2373],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sA_wV, html code.shiki .sA_wV{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#DBEDFF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":2375},[2376,2377,2378,2379,2380,2381],{"id":49,"depth":89,"text":50},{"id":481,"depth":89,"text":482},{"id":709,"depth":89,"text":710},{"id":1816,"depth":89,"text":1817},{"id":2073,"depth":89,"text":2074},{"id":2316,"depth":89,"text":2317},"Set SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20=1 before running your application or test suite, then convert each RemovedIn20Warning into a hard error with filterwarnings(\"error\", category=RemovedIn20Warning) in your pytest conftest.py to surface every legacy call before upgrading to SQLAlchemy 2.0.","md",{"date":2385},"2026-06-18","\u002Fmastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002Ffixing-removedin20warning-deprecation-warnings",{"title":5,"description":2382},"mastering-sqlalchemy-20-core-and-orm-architecture\u002Fmigrating-legacy-14-code-to-20-syntax\u002Ffixing-removedin20warning-deprecation-warnings\u002Findex","hfVtBWJrHlQTR1QR88BR3JxYIA8OU_KU_w60b5TswVo",1781810028984]